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| Sovraintendenza comunale ai Beni culturali |
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The Beni Culturali department of the Rome Municipality differs from all the other Italian cities. This is because, at the time when Rome became the capital of Italy, there was a large building boom, changing entire suburbs. The State Sovraintendenza structure was not as yet defined in the national laws. As a result, the Rome Municipality attempted to classify what they had already discovered (and, in most cases, destroyed) and gathered together what they had excavated. These marvellous statues, (this adjective may still be applied) - the Lupa Capitolina the Busto di Bruto, the Venere Esquilina, the Commodo come l’Ercole, the Tritoni and many others were then transferred to the Musei Capitolini.
Later, another singular event occurred because of the Fascist Regime. The administrative and political Government powers, at the time, were much greater than that of the local municipal body, although the latter had to deal with a large part of the tasks that had previously been covered by the State. Even when things changed after the War and government policies were not particularly modern and could not be compared to those of the other local Italian bodies, the principle prevailed that as the Municipal Administration had an enormous heritage of works of art and monuments in its possession, they themselves should govern them.
Although the cultural goods laws were always identical to those of the central establishment, it is true that, until recently, the singular make-up of the Rome Municipality, called the X Ripartizione, was always able to best deal with its extraordinary heritage of works of art and monuments by itself. To a certain extent, the Sovraintendenza has early used control methods to be copied by most of the Italian local bodies, after checking and making the necessary changes according to the Bassanini law. This law proposes passing over control of the cultural goods to the regions, provinces and other local bodies. This would pave the way to utilise the same system as the Rome Municipality all over Italy.
When Rome is compared to other Italian cities, it is favoured as it is already well-established. During the last few years, the Municipality has re-organised its departments. As its tasks are so out of the ordinary and it has to understand the choices to be made for promoting and safe-guarding its cultural heritage well, the Municipal Sovraintendenza is now autonomous.
Eugenio La Rocca
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